Report:Violation of human rights by the USA, 2024                                 In The Name of God, The Compassionate The Merciful                                      Part 1: Human rights violations by the US at the domestic level Chapter 1) Armed violence Free carrying of weapons Mass shootings Violence and killings by American police Chapter2) Poverty, homelessness and inequality Poverty, discrimination and inequality Intensification of livelihood crisis in the lower class The spread of poverty in America Chapter 3) Violation of prisoners' rights Racial and religious discrimination in prisons Overcrowding and unsanitary conditions Violation of immigrants' rights in detention centers Solitary isolation and mental torture Status of political prisoners Violence and physical abuse Lack of access to medical services Discrimination and inequality in prisons Violation of women's rights in prisons Children and teenagers in the prison system Violating the rights of disabled prisoners Long-term detentions without trial       Chapter 4) violation of children's rights Shooting in schools Child's hidden work Violation of child labor law Chapter 5) Violation of women's rights Violation of the rights of indigenous women and minorities in America Women of racial and ethnic minorities Domestic violence Sexual violence Women in prison Chapter 6) Racial discrimination Racial discrimination The right to vote The right to equal education Poverty and economic inequality Environmental racism The right to have enough food Health care and health outcomes Law enforcement and criminal justice system Immigration management Digital technologies and racial discrimination Protection of class discrimination Hate speech and hate crimes Anti-black racism and hatred against Africans Islamophobia, anti-Arab racism and anti-Palestinian racism Anti-Asian hatred Chapter 7) Freedom of speech and peaceful assembly Violation of freedom of expression Violation of the freedom of peaceful assembly     Part 2: Violation of human rights by the United States at the international level Chapter 1) Unilateral sanctions Unilateral coercive measures Chapter 2) Arms trade and human rights Arms trade and human rights Chapter 3) America's support for the crimes of the Zionist regime in Gaza America and supporting the genocide in Gaza Providing comprehensive aid (especially military aid) to the Zionist regime Accompanying the use of highly destructive weapons against Gazan civilians Diplomatic and international support, especially in the United Nations system Lack of practical cooperation to implement the decisions of the International Court of Justice Contributing to the famine in Gaza America's failure to pay attention to the repeated warnings of United Nations human rights officials to cut off political support and other aid to the Zionist regime USA's biased media coverage of the Zionist regime                             Preface America has always claimed to defend human rights and this issue is considered one of the most important slogans and claims of American officials in the international system. But despite this claim, America's anti-human rights actions in all aspects, both domestic and international, clearly confirm the fact that the statesmen of that country take a position regarding the human rights situation in the world based on political preferences and interests, and that's it. The procedure has caused this country to use the issue of human rights at the international level.  According to these facts, the Islamic Republic of Iran has always emphasized on exposing cases of human rights violations in countries that appear under the guise of defending human rights and provide measures to interfere in the internal affairs of countries. Therefore, in this report, which was compiled based on the resolution of the Islamic Council, an effort has been made to examine and clarify the most important examples of human rights violations by the United States in both domestic and international sectors. In the first part, the broad dimensions of America's anti-human rights actions at the domestic level, including the increase in the culture of using weapons, the illegal use of coercive forces by the American police against minorities, and the targeted discrimination against blacks in America by the police and judicial system of this country, Violent treatment of asylum seekers, violence against women, violation of children's rights, violation of natives' rights, etc. have been studied and analyzed. In the second part of the report, the anti-human rights actions of the United States at the international level and the hypocrisy of this country in claiming to be the leader of human rights in the world and the use of human rights as a tool for the intervention and complicity of the United States with the Zionist regime in violating the human rights of Palestinians, sanctions One-sidedly, the transfer of weapons and support to terrorists has been discussed. The Islamic Republic of Iran highlighted cases of human rights violations in America in order to reveal the dishonesty of American statesmen in respecting human rights and their disregard for international human rights, which has left many victims in Iran and other countries. He has paid attention. It is hoped that this report, which covers only parts of US human rights violations, can take a step to protect international human rights.               Part 1: Human rights violations by the US at the domestic level                                     Chapter 1) Armed violence in USA       1. Free carrying of weapons: The law of free carrying of weapons is one of the cases that have endangered the lives and privacy of American citizens and deprived them of their right to life and security. The free carrying of firearms is deeply rooted in American society and political debate, and has taken on new dimensions as part of American culture. The non-compliance of laws and regulations regarding the carrying of weapons on the one hand and the cancellation of the law restricting the carrying of weapons in some states of this country have caused the level of people's concerns in this field to increase. American citizens say tax dollars don't protect us, and we're in the middle of a political battle over gun laws. The general inattention to the armed violence crisis in America and the lack of allocation of funds to solve this crisis has led to the growth of historical bitter statistics. Gun violence is now the leading cause of death for many young people under the age of 19 in America.                 Maps of the distribution of gun-related injuries and homicides in the United States - 2024[1]   The murderd The injured   The Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racism, Xenophobia and Intolerance has announced in a report deeply disturbing information about the rising rates of gun deaths and injuries and the disproportionate impact of such tragedies on people of African descent, Native and Latin American communities of Spanish descent have received. African American children and adolescents are five times more likely to die from gun homicide than their white peers. Such violence destroys the fabric of societies and leads to widespread secondary damage. Many of the root causes of gun violence against marginalized racial and ethnic groups are rooted in systemic racism. All the statistics and figures published by American institutions show an increase in the deaths of American citizens due to the arbitrary carrying of weapons. The latest key findings from the Pew Research Center survey on Americans' views on gun ownership, gun policy and other issues by political affiliation, gender, community type, race and ethnicity are shown in the chart below.[2]   As the above diagram shows: Party: 45 percent of Republicans and GOP-leaning independents say they own a gun, compared to 20 percent of Democrats. Gender: 40 percent of men say they own a gun, compared to 25 percent of women. Community type: 47 percent of adults living in rural areas report owning a firearm, with smaller shares of those living in suburban (30 percent) or urban (20 percent) areas. Race and ethnicity: 38% of white Americans own a gun, compared to smaller shares of black (24%), Hispanic (20%) and Asian (10%) Americans. According to a Pew Research Center survey, 81 percent of gun owners say owning a gun makes them feel safer, and non-owners are more concerned than gun owners (27% vs. 12%).[3]   With the increase in insecurity in the American society, the citizens of this country want to impose more restrictions on the free carrying of weapons, but the political and legal structure of the United States has acted in such a way that they have canceled even the previous restrictions. The reason for this is the significant influence of arms manufacturing companies and cartels in the American government structure. The priority of American statesmen is not human lives, but the profits from arms sales. About six in ten US adults (58%) favor stricter gun laws. Another 26 percent say gun laws in the U.S. are about right, while 15 percent favor less strict gun laws. The diagram below shows this.   Views on the issue of gun control vary wildly by party and political affiliation. In the most recent polls, 83 percent of Republicans say protecting gun rights is more important, while 79 percent of Democrats prioritize gun control. The following diagram shows this:     According to a May 2024 Pew Research Center poll, about half of Americans (49%) see gun violence as a big problem. In a recent poll, 27 percent said gun violence was a fairly big problem, and about a quarter said it was either a small problem (19 percent) or not a problem at all (4 percent).[4] 1. Mass shooting: Mass shootings in America have become a deadly phenomenon. Mass shootings in schools and other educational centers in America are an important part of the armed violence crisis in this country. According to the "Archive of Armed Violence" website, in the first eight months of this year, 388 mass shootings occurred in America. 23 of which were mass killings. 988 of the total victims of gun violence in the United States have been under the age of 17  who have died in mass shootings in places where gun violence has occurred. The shooting of a 14-year-old student at Alapachi High School in the state of Georgia, USA, killed four people and injured nine others. It should be noted that the mass shooting crisis in schools has led to the arming of teachers. The following charts show the statistics of mass shootings in the United States:[5]                   Distribution map of mass shootings in US states in 2024       1. Violence and killing by American police: Every day, the rights of citizens, especially black people, are violated by the American police. The violence of the American police against the citizens of this country is no less than the killing machine of the army across the borders. Reports indicate that the police of this country did not have incidents like bloodshed in only 10 days of the year in 2024. The following diagram shows this:   American police have killed 46 more victims in the United States through August 2024 compared to the same period last year.[6]     While many people in America talk about the discriminatory view of law enforcers and their actions in the direction of depriving citizens of their right to life, statistics show that the violation of these rights goes beyond the racial point of view. According to reports, black people are 2.9 times more likely to be killed by the police than white people in America. The graph below shows the rate of killing of American citizens based on racial segregation.     As the graph above shows, black American citizens are 3 times more likely to be killed by the police than whites. According to the Mapping Police Violence site, the US police have killed 234 black people so far in 2024. Compared to the same period last year, 29 more people have been killed by the American police.[7]                                         Chapter2) Poverty, homelessness and inequality   1- Poverty, discrimination and inequality:  According to academic research, the existence of wealth based on race has caused the largest economic gap between black and white Americans. Workers of color are forced into menial jobs because of the racial barriers they face in employment. The poverty rate among black, Latino and Native American families is more than twice that of white families. Inflation and rising prices have weakened people's access to essential goods and services, including food, housing, and health care. Reports show that black Americans continue to experience life differently than their white counterparts, with this type of systemic racism entrenched in nearly every segment of society. 2- Intensification of livelihood crisis in the lower class: America is witnessing an increase in the wealth gap, worsening living conditions for low-income groups, an increase in homelessness, life-threatening drug abuse, and a decrease in average life expectancy; In fact, it must be said that the lower class of America is facing a severe crisis of survival. The worsening of the wealth gap is another aspect of the social stratification and inequality in America. America is a poor society with a lot of wealth, and there is a wide range of inequalities based on class, gender, and race in America.   3- The spread of poverty in America: In 2024, an increase in poverty has been observed in America, and the risk of poverty in this country will increase in the next 20 or 30 years; In such a way that the vast majority of Americans will suffer from poverty at some point. Current financial and economic data show stark contrasts in America, where great wealth coexists with extreme poverty. In big cities like New York or Los Angeles, on one side of the city, there are skyscrapers and luxury entertainment centers, and on the other side, the face of the city has taken on the color of poverty. In the United States, many people cannot afford their daily living expenses and are forced to live in slums or sleep in their cars at night. For example, slums are common in the city of Oakland, California. According to the numbers, while the number of rich people in the American society is increasing, the number of the poor is also increasing. In his book Poverty in the United States, published in 2023, Princeton University sociologist Matthew Desmond says that although the United States is an astonishingly wealthy country, one in nine people and one in eight One child is officially considered poor. Those numbers have changed in just over half a century, he says.[8] Analysts believe that there are many reasons for poverty in the United States, the most important of which is the corruption of the capitalist system that relies on the wealthy to gain power and shape tax policies. The wealthy often exploit loopholes in the American system to avoid paying taxes on their wealth. According to calculations by Moody's credit rating agency, the US government could raise an estimated $4.1 trillion in additional taxes over 10 years by raising taxes on companies and individuals with annual incomes of more than $400,000. The US government could also collect $267 billion. collect tax dollars on luxury real estate valued at more than $3.5 million; That is through the imposition of a 40% tax on luxury real estate, which was proposed by President Joe Biden but was not implemented. In contrast, the full tax is levied on middle- and low-income workers and employees in the United States. Therefore, the burden of financial expenses in this country is on the shoulders of those with medium and low income, while the rich enjoy the benefits of tax laws. There are many arguments about the increase in poverty and its causes in America. Liberals see the real problems of poverty in America as structural, including racism and deindustrialization, which have entrenched inequality and kept disadvantaged groups from sharing in the country's prosperity. Official US data also show that one in 10 Americans is considered poor by official standards.     Amid conflicting opinions on the causes of rising poverty in America, Statista data released on July 4, 2024 shows that there are 47 million people who earn more than $100,000 a year and 22.7 millionaires in the United States. has In his book "Poverty in the United States" published in 2023, Mark Rank believes that "poverty in America is widespread in rural, urban and suburban areas, which actually contain the largest number of poor people." . According to Rank, “Racially, poverty is a double-edged sword. Two-thirds of the poor in the United States are white. However, if you are not white, you are at a much higher risk of falling into poverty. Therefore, blacks are two and a half times more likely to be poor than whites. According to Rank, the risk of poverty in America will increase in the next twenty or thirty years, and the vast majority of Americans will suffer from poverty at some point. Many Americans work in low-wage jobs that are not enough to make ends meet. If they lose their jobs or get sick, they cannot be well supported because of the weak social security system, the author emphasized. Although the United States is relatively wealthy by international standards, it has a persistently high poverty rate compared to other developed countries, partly because of its less generous welfare system, according to Rank.     The high rate of unemployment, high rent and high cost of education and health are among the causes of poverty in America. The American Poverty Institute, in turn, attributes the increase in poverty in the United States to high unemployment rates, low wages, high rent prices, expensive education and health care, and high inflation and, consequently, the cost of living. These factors make it difficult for families to escape from poverty traps. Analysts also point out that the wealthy in the slums were paying double the rents in the cities, and that factory owners were directly involved in the destruction of labor unions on the pretext that they were working against economic growth. The severe class difference between the members of the society in America and the inappropriate distribution of wealth have been the results of the disruption of the cohesion of political ideologies and the conflict between the policies of the Democratic and Republican parties. This means that the increase in welfare costs, the appropriate distribution of tax revenues and the payment of health care costs during the tenure of each of the American presidents have not been done in a regular and stable manner, and with the change of government, the welfare policies have also changed. These policies are directly related to people's livelihood and even their lives.       Chapter 3) Violation of prisoners' rights   1- Racial and religious discrimination in prisons:  Racial discrimination in US prisons has become a serious issue. At the Angola prison[9] in Louisiana, which is known as one of the largest prisons in the United States, more than 75 percent of the inmates are black. This prison has been compared to the era of slavery due to widespread racial discrimination against black prisoners and poor working conditions. The situation of Muslim prisoners in New York state, especially in Utica prison, is an example of violation of human rights and religious freedoms. These issues require immediate attention and action from the authorities and human rights institutions in order to provide better conditions for these prisoners and prevent religious discrimination.[10] New York prisons have been heavily criticized for religious discrimination against Muslim inmates. One of the obvious cases of these discriminations can be seen in Utica prison.[11] This prison has been in the spotlight due to its discriminatory policies and behavior towards Muslim prisoners. In Utica prison, Muslim prisoners are denied access to the Koran and other religious resources. This issue not only violates the right of religious freedom of these people, but also increases the feeling of isolation and despair among them. Prisoners are deprived of their basic rights to worship and access to scriptures, and this situation severely affects their mental health. In addition, Muslim prisoners in Utica prison face another problem: lack of access to halal food. Islamic prisoners must eat food that is compatible with their religious teachings, but many of them have to eat food that is not suitable for their needs. For them, it may be forbidden. This not only harms their nutrition and health, but also increases their dissatisfaction and anger. The Utica prison has also been criticized for harassing and mocking Muslim inmates. These harassments can include verbal insults, humiliation and even physical violence. Muslim prisoners are exposed to social and psychological discrimination due to their religious beliefs and cultural identity, and these conditions lead to their feeling of fear and insecurity in prison. In addition to Utica prison, other prisons in New York state also have reports of religious discrimination against Muslims. In Rikers Island[12] and Thompson prisons[13], Muslim prisoners are under severe pressure due to lack of respect for religious rights and inadequate conditions. These discriminations not only violate the rights of prisoners, but also lead to widespread criticism from human rights organizations and Islamic societies. International organizations have repeatedly requested to address these issues and provide solutions to improve the condition of Muslim prisoners. 2- Overcrowding and improper sanitary conditions: One of the major problems in US prisons is overcrowding. For example, the San Quentin prison[14] in California, which is operating at more than double its capacity, is one of the worst examples. In this prison, unsanitary and inappropriate conditions caused the widespread spread of infectious diseases such as Covid-19. Similar conditions have been reported in Richmond prison[15] in Virginia where prisoners are kept in unsanitary and overcrowded environments. This situation is especially seen in Texas prisons, such as the Huntsville prison. Prisoners in these prisons face a lack of drinking water, insufficient food, and lack of access to proper sanitary facilities. These critical conditions have led to the spread of infectious diseases and serious health problems among prisoners. 3- Violation of immigrants' rights in detention centers: Immigrant detention centers on the southern borders of the United States, especially in the states of Texas and Arizona, are known as centers where severe human rights violations occur. At the McAllen Detention Center in Texas, immigrants, including children, are kept in small cells without access to proper sanitary facilities. Many of them spend weeks and even months in inhumane conditions. There have been reports of children being deprived of food and water in these detention centers. At the Yuna detention center in Arizona,[16] there are reports of mistreatment of immigrants and their lack of access to lawyers. Immigrants are often held in very poor conditions without any legal protection and without being provided with adequate information about the status of their case.   4- Solitary isolation and mental torture: The widespread use of solitary confinement as a method of punishment and psychological torture is common in US prisons. Florence prison in Colorado has become one of the most notorious prisons in the world due to the high use of solitary confinement. The prisoners of this prison are kept in complete isolation and without access to natural light or human contact for a long time. Some prisoners are kept in these conditions for years, which causes severe mental problems, including depression and suicide, among them. In Richmond prison, the widespread use of solitary confinement as a method of repression has been criticized by human rights organizations. Prisoners kept in these conditions often suffer from serious physical and mental problems.   5- The status of political prisoners: Guantanamo Bay, one of the most famous detention centers in the world, has become one of the symbols of human rights violations in the United States due to the long-term detention of prisoners without trial. In this prison, prisoners are kept for years without any formal charges or access to a lawyer. Some have been subjected to physical and psychological torture, including sleep deprivation, artificial drowning and beatings. In addition to Guantanamo, political prisoners in US federal prisons, such as Coleman prison in Florida, also face frequent abuses. These prisoners are imprisoned because of their political or civil activities and are deprived of their basic rights, including the right to visit their families and lawyers.[17] 6-Violence and physical abuse: Violence in American prisons, both by officers and among inmates, has become a serious problem. At the Riverbend Maximum Security Institution in Tennessee, there have been reports of repeated physical violence against inmates. Prisoners in this prison are often beaten for no reason. There are similar reports of physical violence against inmates at Attic Prison in New York. 7-Lack of access to medical services: Lack of access to medical services is another serious problem for prisoners in the United States. At the CCI prison in California, female inmates, especially pregnant women, are denied proper medical care. This prison is one of the largest women's prisons in America and due to insufficient medical care, the physical and mental health of the prisoners is in danger. In Alabama prisons, such as Donaldson prison, prisoners face serious problems due to the lack of doctors and lack of access to medical services. Some prisoners have died due to not receiving proper treatment. 8- Discrimination and racial inequalities in prisons: One of the worrisome issues in the US prison system is widespread racial discrimination against racial minorities. Blacks and Latinos are disproportionately overrepresented in prisons. According to official statistics, blacks make up only 13% of the US population, but comprise nearly 40% of the country's prison population. This racial disparity is more visible in southern states such as Louisiana and Mississippi. For example, at Angola Prison in Louisiana, the vast majority of inmates are black, and many are incarcerated for non-violent drug-related offenses. Racial inequality is also observed in northern and western states. Rikers Prison in New York, one of the nation's largest prisons, has a high proportion of black and Latino inmates. These prisoners are usually subjected to harsher conditions compared to their white counterparts and especially face more problems in accessing educational and rehabilitation programs.[18] California prisons have also been heavily criticized in this regard, especially the prison in Felsom and the prisons in Los Angeles, where the number of inmates of racial minorities is very high. .   9- Violation of women's rights in prisons Imprisoned women also suffer from human rights violations in the United States. Women, especially minority women, face many risks, including sexual violence, lack of access to appropriate medical services, and denial of social supports. At a federal women's prison in Alabama, reports of sexual violence by prison officers against female inmates have surfaced. In addition, pregnant women in US prisons often do not receive adequate medical care and are kept in dangerous conditions. At the Chakawala Women's Center in California, female inmates face a lack of medical and psychological services. This prison is one of the largest women's prisons in the United States and has faced severe criticism for neglecting the physical and mental health of inmates.   10- Violation of the rights of children and teenagers in the prison system: Another vulnerable group in the US prison system is children and adolescents. Many juveniles are held in adult prisons and are particularly vulnerable to violence and abuse. For example, in a Louisiana prison, juveniles are regularly in contact with adult inmates, which poses serious risks to their physical and mental health. There have been reports of abuse and violence against juveniles at a juvenile detention center in New York. Due to the lack of legal and institutionalized protections for the protection of children and teenagers, these centers have become the place of widespread violation of the rights of this group. 11- Violation of the rights of disabled prisoners: US prisons are largely unable to provide adequate services to people with disabilities. Disabled prisoners especially suffer from lack of access to specialized medical services, lack of access to assistive devices such as wheelchairs and walkers, and poor prison conditions. In Louisville prison, disabled prisoners face serious problems due to lack of access to appropriate medical services and rehabilitation equipment. In the Pennsylvania State Penitentiary, disabled inmates are routinely denied medical care and sentenced to unsafe and unsanitary conditions. Many of these people have to endure harsh conditions in prison due to lack of access to assistive devices such as wheelchairs, which seriously violates their human rights.   12- Long-term detentions without trial:  Prolonged detention without trial is another problem with the US prison system. Guantanamo is one of the most well-known detention centers where people are detained for long periods of time without specific charges and without access to a court. These people are subjected to severe physical and mental torture and are deprived of their basic rights. Federal prisons in various states have also given similar reports of long-term detention of inmates without trial. The United States prison system has become one of the biggest human rights challenges in the world with widespread and systematic human rights violations. Overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, racial and religious discrimination, physical and mental violence and abuse, denial of medical services, and prolonged detention without trial are just a few examples of the problems prisoners face.                                       Chapter 4) violation of children's rights 1-School shootings: Guns are still the leading cause of death for American children and teenagers. For the third year in a row, firearms killed more American children than any other cause, including car accidents and cancer. School shootings occur most frequently in schools with a high proportion of students of color, disproportionately affecting black students. In 2024, there were at least 160 school shootings that killed 46 people and injured 106 people nationally. When it comes to how children in the United States are exposed to gun violence, school shootings are at the top. Each year, more than 4,000 children and teenagers are shot and killed, and more than 17,000 others are shot and injured. An estimated 3 million children in the United States are shot each year, and firearms are the leading cause of death for children and adolescents. According to the Gun Violence Archive, as of September 5, 2024, at least 11,598 people have died from gun violence in the United States. Among those who died due to gun violence in America, 802 were teenagers and 173 were children. In 2023, there were 18,854 non-suicide gun deaths, the lowest since 2019. 2- Child's hidden work The United States is the only UN member state that has never ratified the 1989 International Convention on the Rights of the Child. America's shortcomings in child protection remain significant, and this trend is exacerbated by racial and gender disparities. In the United States, laws are still not as restrictive against underage workers as expected. Many children are forced to work and their education and health are jeopardized. It has almost always been the children's parents who paid smugglers to bring them into the United States from Central America, but only one-third of migrant children return to their parents. A New York Times analysis of federal data found that the majority are sent to other relatives, acquaintances or even strangers. Almost half of them come from Guatemala, where poverty is fueling a wave of migration. Parents know they will be turned back at the border or quickly deported, so they send their children in hopes of sending them remittances. In the past two years alone, more than 250,000 unaccompanied children have entered the United States, many of whom cross the border into the United States alone, leaving them vulnerable to employers who wish to exploit them. One notable exception to child labor restrictions is picking crops on large farms. Migrant parents and children both go to the fields and pick fruits and vegetables for a pittance. Children have long missed school or attended two or three different schools each school year as their parents move from town to town to pick fresh produce until there is nothing left to pick. Reported child labor violations in The United States has seen an 88 percent increase in the past five years. Not only do they work in prohibited industries, but they also deal with dangerous chemicals that expose them to serious harm. Migrant children are often employed in hazardous jobs that violate child labor laws, including in factories that make products for brands like Cheetos and Fruit of the Loom. These workers are part of the new economy of exploitation. Hearthside Food Solutions, one of the largest food contractors in the United States, manufactures and packages products for popular snack and cereal brands. Now, against labor laws, children spend late hours on dangerous machines. Violation of child labor law  Reported child labor violations in the United States are at their highest level in decades. Violations of child labor laws, including children working night shifts and with hazardous equipment, are on the rise in the United States. 10 states have passed laws to increase work hours, lift restrictions on hazardous occupations and allow children to work in places that serve alcohol, as well as lower the state's minimum wage for minors. Serious child labor violations are on the rise, including in hazardous jobs such as meat packing, manufacturing, working with chemicals and hazardous equipment. According to the Economic Policy Institute, in the last year alone, the number of children employed in violation of child labor laws has increased by 37 percent, including those employed on the night shift. Exploitation of child labor is happening now for four reasons: The first reason is the low wages of children. The second reason is that the children who are exploited are poor, black, Hispanic and immigrants; Third, some of these children (or their parents) are uneducated and need money. This makes them vulnerable and easily exploited. Fourth, America is witnessing a resurgence of tyrannical capitalism—a kind of social Darwinism—in which business lobbyists and lawmakers justify their actions by arguing that they are not exploiting the weak and vulnerable, but creating jobs for those who need them. they do Otherwise, he will remain hungry or homeless.                                                         Chapter 5) Violation of women's rights   1- Violation of the rights of indigenous women and minorities The issue of violating the rights of indigenous women and minorities in America is rooted in the long history of discrimination, colonialism and racism in this country.[19] From European colonization and the deportation of Native Americans to reservations, to black slavery and systematic discrimination against other minorities, this country has faced serious challenges in terms of equality and justice. Indigenous peoples continued to be disproportionately affected by human rights violations and faced discrimination. Many human rights experts believe that the rights of indigenous people are being violated.[20] Native women make up 1.1% of the American community and 2.2% of the American female population. 04% of all voting members of Congress are Native American / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian women, 1.3% of all voting women. The donor is a member of Congress as a Native American / Native Alaskan / Native Hawaiian[21] Native women in America are known as dual victims of gender and racial discrimination. Not only do they face racial discrimination against natives, but they are also denied equal rights as women. Some of the most important challenges that indigenous women face including: Sexual violence: Indigenous women are exposed to sexual violence more than other racial groups. Poverty: The poverty rate among indigenous women is much higher than the national average. Limited access to health services: many indigenous women have limited access to health services due to living in remote and underserved areas. Discrimination in the justice system: Native women face discrimination in the American justice system and are often convicted of the same crimes with harsher penalties than non-Native women. 2- Women of racial and ethnic minorities: In addition to Native women, women from racial and ethnic minorities in America also face similar challenges. Black, Latino, and Asian women are also subject to discrimination and inequality because of their race and gender. Some of these challenges are: The wage gap: Women of color earn less on average than white men. Discrimination in hiring: Women of color face more obstacles in hiring and promotion. Discrimination in the criminal justice system: Women of color face discrimination in the US criminal justice system and are often convicted of the same crimes with harsher sentences than white people. The main causes of these problems are: Systemic racism: Systemic racism has taken root in all American social institutions, including the judicial system, education and police. Colonialism and Historical Discrimination: The long history of colonialism and discrimination against natives and black slavery has created structural inequalities.       3. Domestic violence in the United States:  Domestic violence in the United States, especially against women, is a serious and widespread problem. This phenomenon not only harms the physical and mental health of the victims, but also negatively affects the entire society. Each year, more than 12 million men and women in the United States are victims of physical partner violence, or sexual assault.[22] The vast majority are women—77 percent of those ages 18 to 24, 76 percent of those ages 25 to 34, and 81 percent From the ages of 35  to 49 - are victims of partner violence. Guns pose a unique and deadly threat to those experiencing domestic violence. If a woman's partner has a gun, she is five times more likely to be killed.[23] Women in the United States are 28 times more likely to be murdered by a firearm than women in other high-income countries.[24] Impact on children: Children who witness domestic violence are often victims of abuse themselves and are more at risk of repeating the cycle of violence as adults. The causes of domestic violence are complex and include individual, social and cultural factors. Some of these factors are: Alcohol and drug use: Alcohol and drug use can increase the risk of violence. Economic pressures: financial problems and unemployment can lead to increased tension in the family and the possibility of violence. 4- Sexual violence: In the United States, children, adolescents, and young adults are not exempt from sexual assault. Sexual violence starts at a young age. In other words, more than four out of five female rape survivors reported being raped for the first time before the age of 25, and almost half of them were raped for the first time at a young age (ie, before the age of 18).   5- Women prisoners: The situation of women prisoners in the United States of America is one of the most complex and controversial social and human rights issues in this country. The significant increase in the population of imprisoned women in the last few decades, along with the special conditions and unique challenges that these women face, has attracted the attention of many social activists, lawyers and policy makers. The reasons for the increase in the population of female prisoners are: Poverty, unemployment, and economic inequality increase the risk of crime and incarceration, especially for women of color. The structure of America's criminal justice system, including strict bail laws and long sentences, has contributed to an increase in the prison population, including women. Women prisoners often face gender discrimination in prisons. These discriminations can manifest in access to health care, educational and employment programs, as well as dealing with issues related to pregnancy and parenting.  Incarcerated women often lack access to adequate health care, including reproductive health and mental health. The risk of sexual violence in prisons is very high, especially for women. There are more than 200,000 approximately equivalent to 211,375 female prisoners in America, which includes 10.2% of the total prison population and 64.2% of the female prison population.                                         Chapter 6) Racial discrimination 1. Racial discrimination Many reports are published about the continuation of the wide range of racial discrimination in America. As far as on July 3, 2024, the White House of the United States published an extensive report entitled: "Racial discrimination in contemporary America", and examined various areas of racial discrimination in the United States and claimed that the Biden administration was trying to deal with such discrimination. is However, as the most up-to-date and comprehensive report available in this field, we can refer to Ashwini K.'s[25] report. Pai, the special rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, pointed out that after his two-week mission (October 31 to November 14, 2023) to the United States, on May 16, 2024, by presenting a report to the 56th session of the Council Human rights examined the main and broad areas of racism and racial discrimination in this country. In the continuation of this report, the main points raised in the said report (based on the materials included in the report) are taken into consideration: Many racial groups in the United States continue to experience systemic racism. Systemic racism is defined as "the operation of a complex system related to laws, policies, practices and attitudes in government institutions, the private sector and social structures that have direct or indirect, intentional or unintentional, legal or unintentional effects. Discrimination, discrimination, exclusion, restriction or practical preference based on race, color, descent or national or ethnic origin. Systemic racism often manifests itself in the forms of pervasive race, bigotry, and bigotry, and is often rooted in the histories and legacies of slavery, the transatlantic trade of enslaved Africans, and colonialism. Individuals have described systemic racism as "the air we breathe" and "from the cradle to the grave," expressing the pervasive, destructive, pervasive, and unrelenting nature of injustice. Systemic racism, rooted in slavery, the transatlantic trade of enslaved Africans, and colonialism, deeply affects African Americans. It is also clear that white supremacy and settler colonialism, which affects African Americans in systemic racism, also leads to other forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia, and intolerance, and affects indigenous peoples, overseas residents, Hispanics, immigrants, Asians, Jewish communities, Muslims and Arabs are also affected. In addition, many of those interviewed by the Special Rapporteur reported that they faced multiple and mixed forms of discrimination, including on the basis of race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin, sex, gender identity, religion, or orientation. gender, nationality, immigration status, disability, religion and/or socio-economic status. In the following, the topics discussed by the special reporter regarding the areas of racial discrimination in America will be considered:   2. Right to vote: One of the ways to support systemic racism and white supremacy is to prevent marginalized racial and ethnic groups from exercising their rights and accumulating political power. The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned by the numerous reports of sustained legal action at the state level. Actions that suppress the votes of eligible voters disproportionately affect marginalized racial groups, including African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics.  Following the Supreme Court ruling, more than 100 state laws have enacted measures that have disproportionately disenfranchised voters from marginalized racial and ethnic groups. This includes states like Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi that have a history of racial segregation under Jim Crow laws. 3. The right to equal education:  Article 2 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination prohibits all forms of racial discrimination and assigns extensive duties to the member states to prevent all forms of discrimination and eliminate and correct them. In addition, Article 5 of the Convention foresees the right to equality before the law, in the enjoyment of several economic, social and cultural rights, including education. In the United States, racial segregation was outlawed at the national level in the 1954 US Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. But, despite such protections, continued racially discriminatory educational segregation and stratification continues as a legacy of legal discrimination, segregation, and stratification. Many children from kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) attend educational institutions that are very racially and ethnically homogenous. During the 2020/21 school year, more than one-third of K-12 students, representing about 18.5 million minors, attended schools where 75 percent or more students were of the same race or ethnicity. On the other hand, due to economic inequality, poverty, and significant disparity in the investment of public resources in different regions, many children of African descent or indigenous communities, Latin American/Hispanic, usually overcrowded classrooms, lack of qualified teachers and books. They experience insufficient curriculum and educational materials and extracurricular activities. 4. Poverty and economic inequality: The Special Rapporteur is concerned about reports of the overrepresentation of people of African descent, indigenous peoples, residents of overseas territories, and people of Latin American and Hispanic descent among those living in poverty. These concerns are exacerbated by reports of the criminalization of poverty, whereby petty crimes are used to lock people up in the criminal justice system. The criminalization of poverty is a factor in mass incarceration that often makes people poorer. By punishing people due to poverty and its effects, laws and policies criminalize poverty, inequality and social exclusion as components of systemic racism.  The Special Rapporteur is also concerned about reports of significant racial income and wealth gaps. This is due to factors such as job discrimination. Systemic racism, as a legacy of past racial injustices, and historical state disenfranchisement that limits the ability of families in racially marginalized communities to build generational wealth, racial discrimination in the labor market, and blatant unfair exploitation and abuse. It originates from the sources of such societies. The mortgage crisis of 2014 was an example of the economic injustices experienced by marginalized racial and ethnic groups. The aforementioned event was the largest deprivation of wealth of blacks and Latin Americans in history.  In the United States, there are shocking levels of homelessness among people of African descent. The Special Rapporteur witnessed homeless people of African descent in Los Angeles' Skid Row area and other parts of the city, as well as in Washington, DC, Detroit, New Orleans, and Atlanta. He also learned about high levels of homelessness in places like Florida, New York City, and among Native American communities that he was unable to visit. According to some data, African Americans, who make up 15% of the total American population, are 37% of people who experience homelessness and more than 50% of homeless families have children. It is also reported. Many homeless people suffer from mental health problems and drug abuse. 5. Environmental racism:  The devastating effects of climate and environmental crises fall disproportionately on those who face conditions of systemic inequality and racism. Because they have had the least participation in creating the current crisis. Those affected are disproportionately concentrated in "victim zones," including "cancer alley," which the Special Rapporteur visited in Louisiana. The mentioned areas are the areas that have become dangerous, even uninhabitable due to the destruction of the environment. The direct link between historical patterns of racial subjugation dating back to domestic slavery to government policies in disregarding the health and other human rights of the people affected by relevant policymaking today is clear.   6. The right to have enough food: Those from marginalized racial groups, including African American, Latin American and Hispanic groups, indigenous peoples, and those in overseas territories, experience food insecurity at disproportionate rates. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the measures taken by the federal government to combat hunger and food insecurity, including numerous food aid programs. is, and has received "food deserts", areas where food is not available. Areas where racially marginalized groups live and work are disproportionately food swamps and food deserts, with serious health implications.   7. Health care and health consequences: Racially disparate death rates from coronavirus (COVID-19) reflect systemic racism in the US health care system. Disparities are reported to persist throughout the health care system. Decision-making in the health sector, which affects the social components of health, creates entrenched racial hierarchies in the right to health and access to health care in the United States. People of African or Latin American descent continue to experience the same systemic deficiencies in self-care. Those from marginalized racial and ethnic groups experience higher rates of illness and death from a range of health conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, asthma and heart disease, and issues related to food access. Quality, access to health care services, and the racism and unconscious bias health care providers experience against individuals from marginalized racial and ethnic groups when accessing services. The Special Rapporteur was deeply concerned about the unfair racial impact of the maternal mortality crisis and the Federal Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health. It is shocking that women, especially African American and Indigenous women, cannot have children in the health care system, nor can they freely choose safe and legal abortions. 8. Law enforcement and criminal justice system: The Special Rapporteur is concerned about reports of excessive surveillance of black, Arab, Muslim, indigenous and Latin American/Hispanic communities, and how this contributes to a lack of trust between these groups and law enforcement agencies. slow Alleged use of racial profiling by police officers and agents from a wide range of law enforcement agencies, such as Immigration, Customs and Border Protection, is among these excessive surveillances and contributes significantly to mistrust. does 9. Immigration management: The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned by reports showing how systemic racism, including anti-Blackness, is pervasive and antipathy toward other non-white immigrants, including Latin American and Hispanic immigrants and Arabs, is deeply embedded in the administration of immigration in the United States. The policies and practices of "prevention through deterrence" often ignore the government's obligations towards asylum seekers. Shocking images reminiscent of domestic slavery... The United States reportedly continues to aggressively deny asylum seekers and militarize its borders to prevent migration, often caused by instability in the global South. It has helped, despite negative human rights implications, the increasing use of surveillance and other forms of digital technology to disenfranchise refugees and militarize borders. Digital technologies and racial discrimination:  The Special Rapporteur is concerned about the increasing use of artificial intelligence technologies in many aspects of public life, including health care, education, immigration management, and law enforcement, regardless of the experimental nature of such technologies and their significant potential for algorithmic bias and deepening racial inequalities. The Special Rapporteur is concerned about racially disparate access to digital technologies. The untrustworthy nature of some digital technologies used in the delivery of government services, such as electronic surveillance systems required by certain individuals and the Customs and Border Protection One program (an online platform designed to access a wide range of US Customs and Border Protection services) ) is among the unreliable cases. The Special Rapporteur is particularly concerned by reports that asylum seekers of African descent have been unable to access the One Customs and Border Protection programme. Protection from class discrimination: Caste-based discrimination is reportedly multifaceted and very common in many regions of the United States. Despite the narrative that caste-based discrimination does not exist among South Asian immigrants, the narrative is in stark contrast to the experiences of those who have been affected by it. Structural class discrimination within the United States has complex historical roots and multiple manifestations. Among them, high levels of psychological fear of being "cast out" as "low caste", discrimination in education, workplace and religious settings and interpersonal abuse, including violence.     Spreading hatred and hate crimes: The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned about the high and growing levels of racist hate speech, including online and offline hate speech, and hate crimes. Data released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation recorded 11,634 hate crimes and 13,337 related crimes in 2022. Such figures, while very high, are likely underestimates due to gaps and weaknesses in hate crime reporting. Hate crimes are reported voluntarily by law enforcement agencies to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, as well as fear and mistrust of reporting among affected communities. The Special Rapporteur on Hate considers stereotyping to be central features of systemic racism and white supremacy, and is concerned about the growing prevalence and mainstream acceptance of racial hatred, including the use of said hate speech among political figures. Racism against blacks and hatred against Africans: The Special Rapporteur is alarmed by data showing that hate crime against people of African descent remains the most common form of hatred. Extremism, radical ideologies, white supremacist ideas, and glorification of terrorist activities targeting people of African descent have become significantly more integrated and widespread in society and politics. Among other things, through the sharing and amplification of such content on social media platforms... Such acts of racist hatred have motivated many horrific hate crimes, including the mass shootings in El Paso states, Texas Buffalo, New York; and has been Jacksonville and Florida. Islamophobia, anti-Arab racism and anti-Palestinian racism: Federal Bureau of Investigation data for 2022 indicates that there were 158 cases of religious hatred against Muslims in that year, which is the same as in 2021. The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned about the escalation of violence in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. Since October 7, 2023 this has been the catalyst for an unacceptable rise in Islamophobia, anti-Arab and anti-Palestinian hatred. The reported incidents included hate speech, hate crimes, harassment, job-based discrimination and bullying, and discrimination in educational environments. Anti-Asian hate:  The Special Rapporteur has received information about high levels of anti-Asian hatred, including verbal abuse, bullying, petty aggression, and discriminatory treatment in shops and on public transport. Asians experience periodic patterns of hatred. That often involves scapegoating Asians for adverse events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned about reports of violent hate crimes, including fatal incidents, which are believed to be potentially motivated by racially motivated Asian victims of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, racism and racial discrimination in America is an undeniable fact, and as it is said, it is like the air that the American people breathe. Therefore, as stated in the introduction of this report, even the White House has published a report in this regard. The aforementioned report was prepared by a working group appointed during the Biden era to investigate the various aspects of racism and racial discrimination in the American society and apparently with the aim of dealing with it. Of course, some political experts are of the opinion that the main purpose of forming this working group and preparing the said report (and the promise of trying to eliminate racism and racial discrimination during the presidency of Biden) is to attract the votes of a wide range of blacks, people of color, immigrants and others. are always facing the human rights abuses of racial discrimination and racism in their daily lives, and due to the deep roots of racial discrimination and racism in American society, eradicating this phenomenon from American society is easy and in a short period of time. It is not possible.                     Chapter 7) Freedom of speech and peaceful assembly 1- Violation of freedom of expression: The suppression of student protests in support of Palestine and the condemnation of the war against Gaza by the United States has removed the mask from their faces and revealed their true nature. Violent suppression of student protests, especially in protest against foreign wars in America, is not an unprecedented issue; In the past decades, similar repressive campaigns were launched in the universities of this country, although the main opposition to these campaigns, like what happened in the face of protests against the US invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan, took place mostly in the field of supervision and mainly in university campuses. This means that the defense of free speech in American universities is guaranteed when it is not tested; As free speech on American campuses is put to the test by protests, repression takes many forms inside and outside of campuses, targeting students and professors. The war of the Zionist regime against Gaza and the genocide of this regime has caused the freedom of speech in America to face its toughest test since 1945. Using the Gaza war as an entry point for America to normalize the suppression of the opposition within the walls of universities is a tactical and strategic approach. The undeniable influence of Columbia University on other universities in the issue of protests has caused Congress, the White House, wealthy businessmen, private organizations, CEOs of companies, the conservative press, and even the trustees of Columbia University and its president to condemn the protests of its students; In this context, Columbia University officials asked the New York Police Department to suppress these protests by being present at the university. The protest of American university students and professors against the ongoing genocide of the Zionist regime has also spread to dozens of universities, including New York University, Yale, Cornell, Harvard, Princeton, MIT, Emory University, the University of Texas at Austin, and the University of California, and in many cases violent repressions have taken place. Protests have resulted. According to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and Opinion, US lawmakers are putting a lot of political pressure on universities to suppress student protests and fire professors and administrators, violating the accepted principle of respecting the independence of academic institutions. Some top academic institutions appear to have succumbed to this pressure, putting the United States at risk of becoming a "bad model exporter" of academic freedom.[26] Hassan Jaber, a Palestinian-American midwife, spoke about the suffering of Gazan mothers when she took the stand to accept her award for being selected as an exemplary nurse at New York University Langone Health Medical Center, and then was fired. He was honored by New York University Langone Health Medical Center for his compassionate care of mothers who had lost their babies; But the university authorities could not tolerate his expression of sympathy with the mothers of Gaza. While receiving this award on May 7, she said: "It pains me to see women from my country suffering unimaginable injuries during the current genocide in Gaza." "Hasan Jabr" wrote on his Instagram page on May 22 that he went to work on the first shift after receiving the certificate, but was summoned by the head of the hospital and the nursing assistant. The authorities of this medical center have accused him of "disrupting the ceremony", "endangering others" and "slandering people", and after the end of his shift, he was summoned again and this time he was given a letter of dismissal and asked him to He should leave his workplace immediately. 2- Violation of the freedom of peaceful assembly: During a year of genocide in Gaza, which the Americans are the main partner of and support, the streets of America and its universities have become the scene of supporters of the people of Gaza and protesters against this genocide, who have been confronted with the violent behavior of the police against the protesters, both students and professors. This action has been severely criticized by experts and human rights activists. According to the report of the United Nations freedom of expression and opinion reporter; In the United States, more than 10,000 large-scale street demonstrations, public demonstrations, campus sit-ins, and other public gatherings were organized in support of the Palestinian people between October 2023 and June 2024, most of them peaceful. Nevertheless, authorities have resorted to repressive measures, including widespread police crackdowns on demonstrators and stigmatizing support for Palestine.[27] American authorities are trying to suppress student protests in this country, where in the past 25 years, opposition to the genocide and crimes of the Zionist regime has moved from the margins to the mainstream of America, including artists, scientists, journalists, etc. According to the report of the United Nations Freedom of Expression and Opinion Reporter, the reactions and responses of some university officials and local authorities in the United States, despite the mostly peaceful nature of the protests, have been violent and disproportionate, and many sit-ins have been called for public order reasons at the request of the university administration by Policing in the area has been withdrawn, leading to excessive use of force on several occasions, including the deployment of riot squads. Students and faculty members were beaten, handcuffed and arrested. According to reports, more than 2,000 people, including students and professors, have been detained by them.[28] In addition, UN human rights experts have expressed their deep concern over the widespread suppression of pro-Palestinian student protests on various university campuses across the United States in several statements. While criticizing the suppression of protests in the United States, these experts have stated: The ban and attack on student protests is a serious violation of the rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of speech, which is guaranteed by international human rights laws and must be stopped immediately. The United States must ensure that the freedom of peaceful assembly is respected, as in Articles 19 and 21 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which the United States has ratified. Restrictions must be legitimate, necessary and proportionate. Private campuses have a responsibility to respect human rights based on the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. According to these reporters, students have reported being subjected to severe retaliatory measures, including summons or arrest, expulsion from the United States, expulsion and suspension from studies, loss of campus housing, improper supervision, failure to graduate, and others. They have faced punitive measures that could have a significant impact on them. We call on the government and universities to uphold the rights to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and the right to defend rights, in accordance with international human rights law, and to create a safe and empowering environment where everyone can express their opinions freely.[29] State and federal lawmakers have proposed more than 45 laws aimed at limiting pro-Palestine street demonstrations, punishing student protesters and labeling support for the Palestinians as "terrorism," according to the UN's freedom of expression and opinion rapporteur.[30] In a report, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Peaceful Assemblies expressed deep concern over the humiliation and stigmatization of peaceful solidarity demonstrations by students in universities worldwide, including those protesting the war in Gaza, and the relationships of universities with companies that claim They may be involved in war crimes, they are organized. announced At various universities in the United States, such as Columbia University, 23 officials and law enforcement have been disproportionately faced with insults, criminalization, boycotts, arrests, detentions, and the use of excessive force. In addition, students have faced excessive surveillance both online and on campus, claiming privacy. The timing of the United Nations special rapporteur on the right to education's visit to the United States with widespread anti-war demonstrations on campuses, including tents and campus sit-ins, calling for a cease-fire and for universities to reconsider their investment with Israel is noteworthy. A report on his visit to the US will be presented next year, he has already warned the US of violent crackdowns on peaceful demonstrators. According to him, expressing a critical political opinion is not and never will be a legitimate reason to restrict freedom of expression.[31]             Campus Protests where arrests have been made since April 18 in USA[32]                                         Part 2:  Violation of human rights by the United States at the international level                           Chapter 1) Unilateral sanctions   1. Unilateral sanctions America is the biggest enforcer of sanctions in the world. In recent years, unilateral US sanctions against countries such as Iran, Syria, Russia, North Korea, Belarus, Venezuela, Cuba, Zimbabwe, Nicaragua, etc. have increased exponentially. America has committed a gross and systematic violation of human rights by unilateralism and by intensifying and accumulating economic sanctions outside the authorization of the United Nations and without legal exemptions with the aim of forcing governments to change their policies. Resorting to unilateral sanctions, regardless of fueling the economic recession, has had irreparable effects on the promotion of human rights values, which in itself is a big step backwards for the rule of law and the capture of human rights in the course of regression. Unilateral US sanctions have severely weakened the capacity and level of human rights protection of the sanctioned countries. The entire population of the embargoed countries has been affected in various ways, and a large number of cases and examples of human rights are damaged in this process; The most obvious impact is on the right to health and the right to life, the authorized trade of medicines, medical products and equipment as well as spare parts often face many problems and obstacles due to excessive compliance with sanctions by manufacturers and shippers. Other aspects of human rights, including the right to a decent standard of living, the right to food, the right to education, the right to benefit from scientific progress, and the right to enjoy a healthy environment, have also been affected by unilateral US sanctions. According to the report of the Special Rapporteur on the negative effects of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights, the US embargo has had negative effects on economic and social rights, especially on the most vulnerable sections of society. The right to access medicine has been clearly violated by the United States. So that even in the reports of the United Nations agencies, the negative effects of sanctions on the lack of electricity, barriers to the import of basic goods, the increase in the rate of extreme poverty and climate challenges and the negative impact on living standards, water, health, sending humanitarian aid, services Necessary, including household gas, fuel and electricity supply and investment in basic services and social programs are mentioned.[33]   In addition to the above, the special rapporteur on the negative effects of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights in a letter addressed to the Secretary of State of the United States of America dated May 23, 2024, on the serious challenges of various actors based in a number of countries and regions due to restrictions on the application subject to US sanctions and regulations and their interpretation by the US Office of Foreign Assets Control regarding their access to the websites of international organizations as well as software used by these organizations to organize online meetings, side events and conferences has paid He said, it has been reported that a number of information technology companies registered in the United States refuse to access their products and services from the territory of several countries and regions that are under the sanctions of the American government. These restrictions include denial of access or limited access to the following: 1-Software for online communication that offers free and paid programs (Cisco's products, including Webex; Zoom; Slack). Paid software required for full access to web resources, including resources for reading files in PDF format. Web pages of international organizations from the territory of countries and regions under sanctions, including the web pages of United Nations bodies, organizations and agencies. These restrictions affect the ability of relevant national institutions to participate in the work of the United Nations or its specialized agencies. The Webex app used for online meetings is not available for residents of Cuba, Iran, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), Sudan, Syria, Mainland China, Russia, Belarus. Users in Cuba, Iran, North Korea, as well as Crimea, Luhansk, Donetsk cannot access Zoom even for UN communications. We note with concern that all restrictions on access to information technology products and services are indiscriminately applied to all persons located in the territory of sanctioned countries and regions and have a direct extraterritorial effect that, by exerting more pressure, affects The negativity significantly aggravates the sanctions and has a destructive effect on the enjoyment of human rights by the most vulnerable groups.[34]   It should be noted that unilateral sanctions, secondary sanctions and excessive compliance with them have a clear macroeconomic impact and affect the key economic sectors of the countries under sanctions, leading to a decrease in government revenues and, as a result, affecting the planning and implementation of economic policies. , the development and socialization of the state. In addition, the complex set of unilateral US sanctions against the countries under sanctions, along with secondary sanctions against third parties and individuals, the extreme observance of sanctions and the adoption of zero risk policies by some companies and financial institutions, humanitarian challenges and It has aggravated the economy and has had a negative impact on people's lives, especially the most vulnerable sections of the society.                                     Chapter 2)Arms trade and human rights   1. Arms trade and human rights The international arms trade typically affects a wide range of human rights protected by international treaties and customary international law. These include, but are not limited to: the rights to life, freedom from torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; personal freedom and security; Emancipation from slavery; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; Freedom of assembly and expression, as well as the rights to health, education, food and housing.[35] While billions of dollars in U.S. arms transfers to Ukraine and Israel have made headlines in recent months, these defense partnerships are the only ones the U.S. maintains. In almost every corner of the world, security forces are acquiring and using American weapons. Therefore, as the world's leading arms exporter, the United States has a unique responsibility to maintain the highest standards in security cooperation and assistance efforts. Unfortunately, a multi-year decline in the quality and quantity of public reporting on US arms sales and military aid programs hampers the responsible management of these transfers and undermines fragile oversight and accountability regimes. The impact of arms transfers on human rights is explicitly addressed by the Arms Trade Treaty, which entered into force in December 2014. America is also among the countries that played an active role in the drafting of this treaty. Member States are now legally bound to refrain from transferring weapons that violate human rights. Article 6 (Prohibitions) covers some of the most serious human rights violations and requires issuing countries not to authorize transfers "if, at the time of authorization, the weapons or articles are being used in the commission of genocide, crimes against humanity, gross violations of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, attacks against civilian objects or civilians under protection, or other war crimes defined by international agreements to which it is a party." If Article 6 is not applied, member states are required to assess whether the transfer may have a negative impact on human rights as part of a legally binding comprehensive risk assessment that all member states must carry out. Article 7 (Export and Export Evaluation) outlaws the transfer of arms in cases where there is a substantial risk of their being used to commit or facilitate serious human rights violations.   Disarmament and arms control measures play an important role in protecting civilians caught in the crossfire of armed conflicts or exposed to serious human rights abuses committed by firearms. A good example of an instrument with the potential to protect civilians and civilian infrastructure during armed conflict is the Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas Declaration, the first international instrument to explicitly recognize that the use of explosive weapons in populated areas has serious humanitarian consequences. On the other hand, weapons are also an expensive business. Disarmament can free up resources that can be directed toward economic and social prosperity. However, when tensions between countries are as high as they are today, advancing disarmament and arms control treaties and norms is especially challenging. In these moments of high tension, it can increase the risk of miscalculations or mistakes that could lead to the threat or use of nuclear weapons. Another big challenge is that governments invest heavily in weapons and use them as an insurance policy against uncertainty. As a result, the expanding arms industry undermines efforts to create a more stable environment. When tensions finally subside, it will be difficult to reverse the increased capacity of the arms industry.[36] The United States dominates 42 percent of the global arms trade, outpacing several of its next competitors in total. These transfers, amounting to tens of billions of dollars annually in arms sales and military aid packages, are one of the most fundamental tools of US foreign policy and play a fundamental role in shaping the surrounding political, conflict and human rights environments. Given the far-reaching consequences, it is imperative that these programs be subject to scrutiny, accountability, and evidence-based policymaking, all of which depend on strong transparency.[37] brought The Spanish-language newspaper "El Pais", which has its office in Madrid, writes that the American companies Honeywell International, ARTX Corporation, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics, Harris and Huntington Ingalls are the leaders in profiting from arms sales in Ukraine and Israel. This happens right when the United States has spent hundreds of billions of dollars on the war against Russia in the last 30 months, along with other NATO member countries, and of course, it has also provided grants to help Israel in the war with Hamas in Gaza. Previously, the American newspaper Wall Street Journal had pointed out in a report that "world conflicts and increasing threats have increased orders for the construction of missiles, airplanes, submarines, and other complex weapons systems; But weapons factories are also facing the problem of staff shortages, raw materials and other supply chain issues, which are prolonging the process of making new weapons and ammunition. The United States had launched extensive discussions centered on the issue of how the escalation of tensions in the European continent can guarantee the provision of their economic interests. At the same time, the head of the American company "Reyton Technologies", "Greg Hayes" had emphasized that the prospect of conflicts and conflicts in Eastern Europe and other regions of the world could have a very good economic benefit for this company. He also said, "We see opportunities for the international sale of our manufactured weapons in front of our eyes... The tensions in eastern Ukraine, the tensions in the South China Sea, and other similar tensions will all cause the military budgets in the world to rise. From this point of view, I fully expect that some of the advantages and benefits of this case will also be given to our company."[38]                               Chapter 3) America's support for the crimes of the Zionist regime in Gaza     1 .America and supporting the genocide in Gaza[39] The Zionist regime has launched a genocide in Gaza. The regime's military has violated almost every aspect of international humanitarian law in its relentless assault on an unimaginably vulnerable population. The Zionist regime has deprived the civilians of Gaza of the basic necessities of life such as food, water, medicine, health, electricity and fuel, and has made the majority of the residents of Gaza homeless by targeting the civilian infrastructure. Of course, despite all the widespread crimes and gross violations of human rights and international humanitarian rights, it has always enjoyed the unconditional support of the United States as its closest ally. Washington's "ironclad" support for the Zionist regime's genocide has destroyed international authority and the claim to support the international system based on rules. Destruction) in the Gaza war and before, has caused widespread and gross violations of the human rights of Palestinians, and according to the international rules of humanitarian law and human rights, most of the mentioned cases are clear examples of genocide and crimes against humanity. In this regard, the United States has been heavily criticized by human rights experts inside and outside this country, and this country's cooperation with the Zionist regime has been considered an accomplice in gross violations of the human rights of Palestinians. Therefore, the mentioned experts want the immediate stop of these aid to the Zionist regime and the American effort to convince the Zionist regime to stop the war. In the following, in brief, the main areas criticized by human rights experts inside and outside the United States for the continuation of American aid to the Zionist regime, which has caused more and more violations of the rights of the Palestinians, will be considered. On May 14 (May 25, 1403), a few days after Israel attacked Rafah, Biden informed Congress that his administration would continue to provide Israel with $1 billion worth of arms. It was part of more than $12.5 billion in military aid that the United States had given Israel since October 7. The granting of such aid was a complete reversal of Biden's previous decision to stop sending weapons to Israel. An arms export expert told the Wall Street Journal: "This is just another example of the Biden administration's decision to distort its own message." Whatever the debate about the decline of US hegemony, the global arms market is a place where US power is growing. According to SIPRI, an independent research institute, the United States was responsible for 34 percent of all arms exports from 2014 to 2018. By 2023, this figure will increase to 42%. About 38% of US arms exports at that time went to the Middle East, with Israel's share being 3.6%; Israel receives 69% of its arms imports from Washington. Although America's imperialist wars have been accompanied by painful defeats, the fact remains that there have been winners, and the same applies to the developments in Gaza and America's support for Israel in this war. These winners are in corporate boardrooms. These companies have been highlighted because they play an unusual role in Israel's repression machine. The victory of these companies makes Israel continue its genocide in Gaza. Colt Company: Since all eyes have been on Gaza for the past 11 months, Israeli settlers have taken advantage of the opportunity and intensified their attacks on Palestinians in the West Bank, often with the help of American-made weapons. In November 2023, Israel ordered 24,000 semi-automatic and automatic rifles from American companies, most of them from Colt. Israel announced that some of these rifles reach civilians; Probably as part of Itamar Ben Guerr's plan to distribute weapons to the settlers' "security" squads. Although the New York Times reported State Department concerns about the weapons being used on civilians — as part of the settlers' effort to drive Palestinians off their land — the Biden administration ultimately approved the deal. On May 1, the Ministry of Defense announced a $26.6 million contract with Colt to deliver these weapons. Ford Motor Company: It may seem ironic that a company founded by America's most notorious anti-Semitism would supply armored vehicles to the Jewish state. But the raging ethnic nationalism that fueled both Henry Ford and the current Israeli government fueled this sell-off. In December, Israel's Defense Ministry announced that it had received a new shipment of military equipment, followed by an image of a Ford F-350 chassis. It was one of several giant Ford chassis in the Israeli army's vehicle collection. According to the Israeli military, these F-350 chassis vehicles are equipped with advanced sensors and cameras to act as an unmanned ground vehicle. Ford built its first assembly plant in Israel shortly after the 1967 Six Day War. Ford's decades-long business there has been instrumental in erasing the stain of its founder's anti-Semitism. Caterpillar Corporation: Caterpillar, the construction equipment giant, is not a weapons company. But Caterpillar equipment has caused a lot of damage in Gaza in recent months. In particular, its bulldozers were busy digging a wide highway that stretches from the fence of the eastern border of Gaza near Kibbutz Nahal Oz to Al-Rashid Street, which is located along the Mediterranean coast. The purpose of this highway, known as the Netsarim Corridor, is to facilitate the Israeli army's access to all of Gaza for years to come, while at the same time dividing the strip into two. At the same time, the Israeli military has used "bulldozers and controlled explosions" to create a buffer zone along its unilaterally demarcated border with Gaza, shrinking the territory allowed to Palestinians, according to the Wall Street Journal. These scary bulldozers are not just heavy machinery. For years, Israel has used "D9" Caterpillars - armored bulldozers to withstand rocket and RPG fire - to demolish Palestinian homes in the West Bank and Gaza. In 2004, during the Second Intifada, Human Rights Watch called on Caterpillar to stop selling D9 to Israel, which it uses to "destroy Palestinian homes, destroy agriculture, and destroy roads against the laws of war." James Owens, Caterpillar's CEO at the time, responded that the company had "no practical ability or legal right to determine how products are used after the sale." Caterpillar bulldozers are now reported to be actively involved in Gaza demolitions. Palantir: While Google, another company with close ties to Israel's war machine, has run into problems with internal discontent over its operations in Israel, artificial intelligence company Palantir proudly promotes its cooperation with Israel. does In January, the company's CEO, Alex Karp, met with Israeli President Isaac Herzog and spoke of Israel's interest in Palantir products (he was then joined by another company founder, Peter Thiel). Although Karp did not specify the type of products at the time, Palantir confirmed that Israel uses a defense technology ecosystem called Palantir Government Web Services. In an interview with Bloomberg, Karp said that under normal circumstances he would agree to calls to limit the artificial intelligence programs used by the military. He said: "But the reality of our lives right now, as Israel knows, is that our enemies are real and dangerous and exceed the norms of behavior."   Karp's status as a purveyor of "military artificial intelligence" deserves skepticism. Palantir is one of the companies active in this so-called "war on terror". The company started as a "data miner" with an injection of capital from "In-Q-Tel", the investment arm of the CIA. Then his products were transferred to the battlefields of Afghanistan thanks to the pressure of an anonymous army general named Mike Flynn. During Donald Trump's presidency, Palantir won a "data mining" contract with the military worth more than $800 million and another contract with Immigration and Customs Enforcement worth $42 million. Now you understand why Netanyahu likes these people.   Google: In 2021, Google and Amazon won a $1.2 billion contract for an Israeli cloud computing system called Project Nimbus. Little public information is available about how Nimbus works, but The Intercept reporter Sam Biddle, who obtained internal Google documents, describes the company's role as providing Israel with critical advances in artificial intelligence; Specifically, "face recognition capabilities, automatic image classification, object tracking, and even sentiment analysis that claims to assess the emotional content of images, speech, and text." From the start, Nimbus provoked protests from Google workers. In 2022, Ariel Koren resigned as the company's marketing director. In his resignation letter, he wrote: "Google systematically silences the voices of Palestinians, Arabs, and Muslims who are concerned about Google's complicity in violating Palestinian human rights." Earlier this year, Israeli journalist Yuval Abraham published a high-profile and detailed investigation into the sinister methods of the Israeli military's use of artificial intelligence in the Gaza offensive. An infamous program called "Lavender" identified targets for the Israeli military based on the degree to which a person was receptive to militancy estimated by artificial intelligence. Abraham reported that this lavender mass killing engine detected about 37,000 targets in the early stages of the attack on Gaza. This shows how far Israel intends to push its AI capabilities. A digital rights group, Access Now, wrote to Google and Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai in May, asking him to explain what role Google played in Israel's human rights abuses in Gaza. The group noted: "The appalling use of artificial intelligence in the Gaza war and the expansion of Google's relationship with Israel raises the question: To what extent is the Israeli military and intelligence apparatus using Google's cloud computing and artificial intelligence services, infrastructure and systems for the mass killing of civilians?" They use innocent people and mass murder in the Gaza Strip.   Providing comprehensive assistance (especially military assistance) to the Zionist regime: The weapons used by the Zionist regime in Gaza are mostly American-made. According to the Reuters report, during the first eight months of the Zionist regime's war against Gaza, the United States has given thousands of heavy bombs to this regime. According to the aforementioned report, quoting 2 American officials, in the mentioned period from October 7, 2023, 14,000 bombs with a destruction power of 2,000 pounds, 6,500 bombs with a destruction power of 500 pounds, 3,000 Hellfire precision guided missiles, 1,000 It has given the Zionist regime minesweeping bombs, 2,600 small diameter bombs and thousands of other weapons. On the other hand, according to the statements of the Israeli Ministry of War, reports indicate that the United States has delivered more than 50 thousand tons of weapons and military equipment to Israel since October 7, 2023. This volume of support highlights the close military ties between the two countries and raises questions about the impact of these weapons on the ongoing military operation in Gaza and the resulting human toll. America has also sent troops and military advisors to the occupied territories since the beginning of the war against Gaza. This US arms aid to the Zionist regime occurred in a situation where the international community has demanded the cessation of military aid to the Zionist regime in order to stop the genocide in Gaza, but Washington continues to send weapons to the territories using its human rights trick and in the name of fighting terrorism. The occupation continues to collapse on the defenseless citizens of Gaza. This is while Section 502B of the US Foreign Assistance Act requires the State Department to ensure that US security assistance does not cause gross human rights violations. In addition, the so-called Leahy Law, which was passed in the US Congress several decades ago, prohibits sending military aid to actors who commit gross violations of human rights. However, it is a fact that the United States, as the most important ally and the largest source of military aid and war weapons of the Zionist regime, is an accomplice of that regime's genocide in Gaza. However, American officials occasionally speak of alleged pressure on Zionist authorities to minimize civilian casualties, which they refer to as collateral casualties.   Participating in the use of highly destructive weapons against Gazan civilians:  In line with the widespread sale of weapons to the Zionist regime, among other accusations against the United States, accompanying and cooperating with the said regime in the sale and use of highly destructive weapons against civilians in Gaza and other occupied Palestinian territories and not paying attention to the warnings of human rights officials of the organization The United Nations is in this regard. In this regard, it should be noted that on June 19, 2024- the United Nations Human Rights Office, while publishing its assessment of the six symbolic attacks of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in Gaza last year, announced that the said attacks resulted in many civilian casualties. The widespread destruction of civilian property and the non-observance of the laws of war and the principles of differentiation, proportionality and precautionary measures in the attack have raised serious concerns.   Diplomatic and international support, especially in the United Nations system:  According to the surveys, America has vetoed more resolutions critical of the Zionist regime than any other member of the Security Council. From 1945 to April 18, 2024, America has vetoed Security Council resolutions a total of 92 times, 47 of which were related to the Zionist regime. Most of these resolutions have been presented with the aim of establishing a framework for peace in the decades-long conflict between Palestine and the Zionist regime and demanding the Zionist regime's adherence to international laws, the right to self-determination for the Palestinian people and the formation of a Palestinian state, or condemning the Zionist regime due to the displacement of Palestinians and continuous settlement constructions. have been in the occupied territories. The mentioned figure means that America has used more than half of its veto rights in the way of not approving resolutions critical of the Zionist regime, of which 35 resolutions are related to the occupation of Palestinian lands by the Zionist regime or misbehavior with It was the people of Palestine. Among these resolutions, we can refer to the Security Council resolution dated 8 December 2023, which demanded an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza and the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, which was vetoed by the United States. did It is worth noting that UN Secretary General Guterres requested an urgent meeting of the Security Council citing Article 99 of the UN Charter (which enables him to intervene in any issue that threatens international peace and security) and In the evening of the same day, the draft resolution presented by the United Arab Emirates (on behalf of the Arab and Muslim countries) was voted on in the Security Council, and 13 members of the Security Council voted in favor of it, while Britain abstained and America voted against it. vetoed it.   Lack of practical cooperation to implement the decisions of the International Court of Justice: The United States is accused of forcing the Zionist regime to implement the ruling of the International Court of Justice on May 24, 2024  regarding the implementation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in Gaza and to stop the attack on Rafah and to issue access to fact-finding committees. International for the investigation regarding the charge of genocide in the Gaza Strip and also for the implementation of the historical advisory theory of the International Court of Justice on July 19, 2024 regarding the legal consequences of Israel's policies and actions in the occupied Palestinian territory. There has been no practical cooperation. It should be noted that according to the recent vote, "Israel's presence in the occupied Palestinian territory is illegal, so this issue is an international legal obligation for Israel, all governments and international organizations".     In this advisory opinion, the Court has declared that it is the responsibility of the General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council to determine the exact methods and other measures related to the termination of Israel's illegal presence in the occupied Palestinian territories and Israeli settlements as soon as possible. - Lack of practical cooperation for the approval of Security Council Resolution 2720 (absence of vote), regarding sending humanitarian aid to Gaza and providing the necessary conditions for a ceasefire. - Lack of practical cooperation and cutting off military aid to the Zionist regime for the implementation of Security Council Resolution 2735 and the cessation of that regime's attacks in Gaza and the establishment of a ceasefire. - Opposing the approach of Francesca Albanese, the special rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories and the extension of her mission. It is mentionable that on March 25 2024, United Nations presented the afformentioned rapporteur submitted a report under the title of “anatomy of a genocide. In that report she stated that there are logical reasons to believe that Israel committed genocide in its war against Gaza, and she has faced threats for announcing this during his mission. Regarding the US, Ms. Albanese said, "The US should stop Israel's attacks instead of throwing food packages in the Gaza Strip." - Subsequently, US State Department spokesman Matthew Miller, on March 28, 2024, accused Francesca Albanese, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Palestinian Affairs, of having a "record of anti-Semitic statements" and her findings that there were "reasons rejected the "rationale" for believing that Israel is committing "genocide" in Gaza. It should be noted that the US finally opposed the extension of the said reporter's mission.   Helping the famine in Gaza:  Among the accusations against America is that country's help to the Zionist regime to cause famine in the Gaza Strip. The research carried out by the Independent indicates that Biden has not followed the repeated warnings of his experts and aid agencies.[40] In this regard, according to international law experts, the continuous bombing of Gaza and restrictions on the entry of water, food and other humanitarian resources can It means genocide. Committing in time of peace or in time of war, according to international law, is a crime that the member states of the United Nations are committed to preventing and punishing the perpetrators. It is also stated that "complicity in genocide" is a punishable act.[41] On the other hand, US President Joe Biden has said that there is no "red line" when it comes to US support for Israel, and the US State Department has also said that there is no need for an official investigation into whether Israel has committed war crimes.[42] This is despite the fact that according to the available reports, email correspondence between the Pentagon and the White House from October 2023 indicates that American officials were concerned about the risk of Israeli war crimes from the beginning. [43]Weapons with high destructive power, on June 19, 2024; He stated that "the requirement to choose means and methods of warfare that prevent or at least minimize civilian harm appears to have been consistently violated in Israel's bombing campaign." It should be noted that the warnings of the United Nations human rights officials were made following the resumption of sending one-ton bombs (2000 thousand pounds) by the United States to the Zionist regime. America's lack of attention to the repeated warnings of United Nations human rights officials to cut off political support and other aid to the Zionist regime: In this regard, it should be mentioned that Volker Türk stated on 18 June 2024 at the 56th session of the Human Rights Council, "... since October 7, more than 120,000 people in Gaza, mostly women and children, as a result Heavy Israeli attacks have killed or wounded. Since Israel intensified its operations in Rafah in early May, nearly one million Palestinians have been forcibly displaced again, while aid deliveries and humanitarian access have worsened.   USA's biased media coverage of the Zionist regime: The American media, or the whitewashers (which traditionally purify the white people of America), are also trying to project the crimes of the Zionist regime by citing the alleged principles of American human rights and using the tools of distortion, obfuscation, fabrication, and projection. and accuse, in favor of the occupiers, to the public opinion of America and the world. This practice of the American media has even led to the expulsion and termination of the cooperation of reporters and journalists who announced their position on the violation of human rights in Gaza and support for the Palestinian people. In this regard, American media, including CNN, are not allowed to use terms such as "war crime" and "genocide" during the Al-Aqsa storm. Also, according to Rami George Khoury, a professor at the American University of Beirut, media organizations such as the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, CNN and NBC "usually refer to the open acts of ethnic cleansing and forced displacement in Gaza as 'evacuation' and claim that Israel He "defends" himself against "terror". [1]     https://www.gunviolencearchive.org/charts-and-maps [2]  https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/24/key-facts-about-americans-and-guns/ [3] https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/24/key-facts-about-americans-and-guns/      [4] https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/24/key-facts-about-americans-and-guns/ [5] https://edition.cnn.com/us/mass-shootings-fast-facts/index.html [6] https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/ [7] https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/ [8] https://farsnews.ir/Emoazeni/1720697017606124911/ [9]  Angola Prison [10] August 16, 2023, https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/first-day-of-hearing-in-angola-prison-case-highlights-abusive-conditions-youth-endure [11] Utica Correctional Facility [12] Rikers Island [13] Thompson Correctional Facility [14] San Quentin [15] Richmond Jail [16] https://www.cvt.org/what-we-do/project-archive/immigration-detention-must-end/immigration-detention-may-constitute-torture-ill-treatment/ [17] https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jun/27/guantanamo-bay-detainees-cruel-treatment-un-human-rights-investigator [18] https://www.nydailynews.com/2023/02/10/white-rikers-island-correction-officer-claims-racial-discrimination-in-dispute-with-black-coworker/ [19] https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/pol10/7200/2024/en/ [20]  https://rightstracker.org/country/USA?tab=report-esr&atRisk=2 [21] https://cawpdata.rutgers.edu/women-elected-officials/position?current=1&position[]=US+Senator&position[]=US+Representative&race_ethnicity[]=Native+American [22] https://www.louisgoodman.com/blog/domestic-violence-statistics-by-state/ [23]  https://everytownsupportfund.org/october-is-domestic-violence-awareness-month/ [24] Everytown analysis of the most recent year of gun homicides by country (2015 to 2019), GunPolicy.org (accessed January 7, 2022). [25]  Ashwini K.P. [26] https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n24/247/88/pdf/n2424788.pdf [27]  Ibid. [28]  Ibid. [29] https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/07/usa-free-speech-campus-needs-be-protected-not-attacked-say-experts [30]  https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n24/247/88/pdf/n2424788.pdf [31] https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n24/247/88/pdf/n2424788.pdf [32] https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/29/us/pro-palestinian-university-protests-arrests-dg/index.html [33]  https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/133/16/pdf/g2413316.pdf [34]   https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=28933 [35] Control Arms Secretariat, “ATT Monitor Report 2015,” http://armstreatymonitor.org/en/the-2015-report/ pp. 26-43 [36] https://civicus.org/index.php/media-resources/news/interviews/7155-global-arms-trade-by-halting-the-supply-of-weapons-states-can-help-prevent-human-rights-violations [37] https://www.stimson.org/2024/diminishing-transparency-in-the-us-arms-trade/ [38]   https://www.isna.ir/news/1403061508670/ [39] https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/ [40] Hall, Richard; Trew, Bel; Feinberg, Andrew (20 May 2024). "Biden is furious at allegations that Israel is using starvation as a weapon of war. But he is complicit in Gaza's famine". The Independent. Retrieved 21 May 2024. [41]   "US judge urges Biden to examine support for 'plausible genocide' in Gaza". Al-Jazeera. 1 Feb 2024. [42]   "US judge urges Biden to examine support for 'plausible genocide' in Gaza". Al-Jazeera. 1 Feb 2024. [43] Pamuk, Humeyra. "Emails show early US concerns over Gaza offensive, risk of Israeli war crimes". Reuters. Retrieved 12 October 2024.